American Goldfinch
- Size: 4.3″ to 5.1″
- Males are bright yellow with black forehead and black wings with white markings.
- Adult females are a duller yellow beneath, with olive above.
- Winter birds are drab, unstreaked brown, with blackish wings and two pale wing bars.
- Molts its feathers twice a year, in late winter and in late summer.
- Sounds like: quietly saying “po-ta-to-chip.”
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Black-Capped Chickadee
- Size: 4.7″ to 5.9″
- Black cap and bib with white cheeks. Gray back, wings and tail with buffy sides.
- Very small bird with a large head, short neck and spherical body shape.
- Hides seeds and other food items to eat later. They can remember thousands of hiding places.
- Males and females have a similar appearance.
- Sounds like: “Chickadee-dee-dee.” Only the males sing the “feebee” call.
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Blue Jay
- Size: 9.8″ to 11.8″
- Blue, black and white body, patterned wings and a distinct blue crest on its head.
- Large bird with long and sleek body shape and heavy black bill.
- Males and females look similar.
- The female is the only one to incubate eggs.
- Sounds like: a screeching “jeer” sound.
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Dark-Eyed Junco
- Size: 5.5″ to 6.3″
- Appearance varies throughout the country. Generally dark gray or brown with long, white outer tail feathers.
- Medium sized with a round head and a pink, short bill.
- Sounds like: high, short “chip” note.
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Downy Woodpecker
- Size: 4.7″ to 5.9″
- Black upper parts, checked with white on the wings. Striped head, broad white stripe down the center of the back.
- Straight, chisel-like bill, blocky head, wide shoulders and straight-backed posture.
- Males have a small red patch on the back of the head.
- Sounds like: excited string of hoarse, high-pitched notes that descend in pitch toward the end; also give a very sharp “pik” note.
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Eastern Bluebird
- Size: 6.3″ to 8.3″
- Small with a rounded head and body. Long wings but short tail and legs. Short and straight bill.
- Adult males are blue above with a rust-colored throat and chest.
- Adult females are grayish above with bluish wings and tail and a subdued orange-brown chest.
- Sounds like: soft, low-pitched “tu-a-wee.”
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Evening Grosbeak
- Size: 6.3″ to 7.1″
- Large and stocky build. Thick neck, full chest and relatively short tail. Thick, conical bills.
- Adult males are yellow and black with a white patch on the wings, a yellow brow and a pale ivory bill.
- Adult females and immatures are mostly gray with black and white wings and a greenish-yellow tinge on the neck, flanks and bill.
- Sounds like: piercing calls and burry chirps.
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Hairy Woodpecker
- Size: 7.1″ to 10.2″
- Medium-sized with a square head, a long chisel-like bill and long tail feathers.
- Black and white overall.
- Birds from the interior west have nearly solid black wings and narrower facial stripes than birds east of the Rockies.
- Adult males have a tiny red patch at the rear of the cap.
- Sounds like: short, sharp “peek” that is slightly lower pitched compared to the Downy Woodpecker.
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House Finch
- Size: 5.1″ to 5.5″
- Small body with fairly large beak and a somewhat long, flat head.
- Adult males are rosy red around the face and upper breast, with streaky brown back, belly and tail.
- Adult females are plain grayish-brown with thick, blurry streaks.
- The red of a male House Finch comes from pigments contained in its food during molt.
- Sounds like: sharp “cheep.”
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Indigo Bunting
- Size: 4.7″ to 5.1″
- Small, stocky birds with short tails and bills.
- Adult males are bright blue overall with a darker blue on the head.
- Adult females and immatures are brownish with light streaking on the breast and white throats.
- Sounds like: short, sharp “spit” or “chip calls.
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Mourning Dove
- Size: 9.1″ to 13.4″
- Plump body with short legs and long tail.
- Small bill, and small head compared to the rest of its body.
- Grayish olive above with black spots on the wings and pinkish buff underparts.
- Males are slightly larger than females.
- Sounds like: “Coo-oo-oo.”
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Northern Cardinal
- Size: 8.3″ to 9.1″
- Males and females have the same black face and red-orange bill.
- Male cardinals are brilliant red all over.
- Females are pale brown overall with warm reddish tinges on the wings, tail and crest.
- Cardinals don’t migrate or molt, so males are bright red all year long.
- Sounds like: “Cheer, cheer, cheer,” or “Birdie, birdie, birdie.” Also makes loud “chip” noises.
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Northern Flicker
- Size: 11″ to 12″
- Large with a rounded head, slightly downturned bill and long, tapered tail.
- Brownish overall with a white patch on the rump. Plumage has black spots and bars.
- The undersides of wings and tail feathers are bright yellow for eastern birds and red for western birds.
- Males and females rapidly drum on trees.
- Sounds like: loud, single-note “kyeer” call.
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Painted Bunting
- Size: 4.7″ to 5.1″
- Medium-sized finch with stubby, thick bill.
- Adult males have a bright blue head, green back and a red rump and belly.
- Females and immatures are bright yellow-green overall.
- Sounds like: soft “plik” calls.
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Pine Siskin
- Size: 4.3″ to 5.5″
- Small songbirds with sharp, slender bills and short, notched tails.
- Brown streaks with yellow on the wings and tails.
- Sounds like: a harsh “zreeet” lasting a second; also makes “zwee” and “tit-a-tit” calls.
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Purple Finch
- Size: 4.7″ to 6.3″
- Large and chunky with powerful, conical beak.
- Short tail with a notch at the tip.
- Males are pink-red on the head and breast, mixing with brown on the back and cloudy white on the belly.
- Females have no red, are streaked below, with a whitish eye stripe and a dark line down the side of the throat.
- Sounds like: short, low “tek.”
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Red-Bellied Woodpecker
- Size: 9.4″
- Pale overall with a black-and-white striped back.
- Adult males have a red cap and nape.
- Adult females have the red nape but lack the red cap.
- Drumming is the woodpecker’s equivalent of singing.
- Sounds like: shrill, rolling “kwirr” or “churr.”
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Red-Breasted Nuthatch
- Size: 4.3″ to 4.5″
- Small and plump with a long, pointed bill and a short tail.
- Adult males have a black crown and are rusty below.
- Adult females have browner caps and paler rusty underparts.
- Sounds like: nasal “yank.”
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Rose-Breasted Grosbeak
- Size: 7.1″ to 8.3″
- Stocky medium-sized songbird with very large triangular bill.
- Adult males are black and white with a brilliant red chevron extending from the black throat down the middle of the breast.
- Females and immatures are brown and heavily streaked, with a bold whitish stripe over the eye.
- Sounds like: short, sharp, penetrating “chink” calls, sometimes likened to the sound of a sneaker on a gym floor.
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Tufted Titmouse
- Size: 5.5″ to 6.3″
- Soft silvery gray above and white below, with a rusty or peach-colored wash down the flanks.
- A black patch just above the bill makes the bird look stub-nosed.
- The pointed crest and stout bill help identify titmice even in silhouette.
- Sounds like: scratchy “tsee-day-day-day.”
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White-Breasted Nuthatch
- Size: 5.1″ to 5.5″
- Gray-blue on the back, frosty white face and underparts. Black or gray cap and neck. Lower belly and under the tail are often chestnut.
- Small bird with a large head and almost no neck.
- Tail is very short, and the long, narrow bill is straight or slightly upturned.
- Sounds like: loud, nasal “yank.”
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White-Crowned Sparrow
- Size: 5.9″ to 6.3″
- A large sparrow with a small bill and long tail. Head can appear peaked or flat depending on the bird’s attitude.
- Pale-gray body with black and white stripes on the head. Bill color ranges from orange to a pale yellow or pink.
- Immatures have brown and gray stripes on the head.
- Sounds like: sharp “pink” calls. Songs vary by region but all share a whistling introduction, jumbled whistles and an ending trill.
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